April 1, 2014 

3 Types of Parenting Styles 

• Authorization Parents (parents)
• Permissive Parents (kids in charge)
• Authoritative Parents (parents&kids compromise)

Erik Erikson 

• A neo -Freudian 
• Worked with Anna Frued 
• Thought our personality was influenced by our experiences with others. 

Stages of Psychosocial Development 

• Trust Vs. Mistrust: 
• Can a baby trust their caregivers? 
• The trust of mistrust they develop can carry on with the child for the rest of their lives. 

Autonomy V. Shame and Doubt 

• Toddlers begin to control their bodies (toilet training). 
• Control Temper Tantrums
• Big word is "NO" 
• Can they learn control it will they doubt themselves? 

Initiative V. Guilt 

• Word turns from "NO" to "WHY" 
• Want to understand the world and ask questions 
• Is there curiosity encouraged or scolded? 

Industry V. Inferiority 

• School begins 
• We are the first time evaluated by a formal system and out peers. 
• Do we feel good of bad about our accomplishments? 
• Can lead to us feeling bad about ourselves for the rest of our lives.... Inferiority complex 

Identity V. Role Confusion 

• In our teenage years we try out different roles
• Who am I? 
• What group do I fit in with? 

Intimacy V. Isolation 

• Have to balance work & relationships 
• What are my priorities 

Generativity V. Stagnation 

• Is everything going as planned? 
• Am I happy with what I created? 
• Mid - life crisis!! 

Integrity V. Despair 

• Look back on life.
• Was my life meaningful or do I have regret? 

Cognitive Devolopment 

• It was thought that kids were just stupid versions of adults 
• Then came along Jean Piaget 
• Kids learn differently than adults. 

Schemas 

• Children view the world through schemas (as do adults for the most part). 
• Schemas are ways we interpret the world around us.
• It is basic what you picture in your head when you think of anything.

Assimilation

• Incorporating new experiences into existing schemas. 

Accommodation 

• Changing an existing schema to adopt to new information.

Stages of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Stage

• Experience the world through our senses.
• Does not have object permanence
• 0-2 years old

Pre-Operational Stage 

• 2-7 years old 
• Have object permanence 
• Begin to use language to represent objects and ideas. 
• Egocentric: cannot look at the world through anyone's eyes but their own. (All about them) 

Conservation

• Conservation refers to the idea that a quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance and is part of logical thinking. (Baby bottle to a sippy cup)

Concrete Operational Stage 

• Can demonstrate concept if conservation 
• Learn to think logically 

Formal Operational Stage 

• What would the world look like with no light? 
• Picture God
• What way do you best learn? 
• Abstract reasoning manipulate objects in our minds without seeing them. 
• Hypothesis testing 
• Trial and Error 
• Metacognition 
• Not every adult gets to this stage