1. Next-in-Line Effect: We seldom remember what the person has just said or done if we are next.
2. Information minutes before sleep is seldom remembered; in the hour before sleep, well remembered. 
3. Taped info played while asleep is registered by ears, but we do not remember it. 

Spacing Effect 

• We encode better when we practice or study over time. 
• DO NOT CRAM!! 

Serial Positioning Effect 

• Our tendency to recall best the best the first and last items in a list. 

Chunking: 

• Organizing items into familiar, manageable units.
• Often will occur automatically. 

Types of Encoding:

• Semantic Encoding: the meaning of words
• Acoustic Encoding: the encoding of sound especially of words
• Visual Encoding: encoding of picture images 

Tricks to Encode:

• use imagery- mental pictures 
• Mnemonic Devices use imagery
• Ex: Mary very easily makes jam Saturday unless no plums= mars,venus, earth, mercury, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, and pluto